Subject : British Rule in India From 1600 - 1947
Indian Constitution Development Stages : The Government combined into three segments, Legislative, Executive and Judicial. B.C Rawat determined into 6 stages.
1) 1600 - 1773
2) 1773 - 1858
3) 1858 - 1909
4) 1909 - 1935
5) 1935 - 1947
6) 1947 +
1) First Stage (1600 to 1773) :
- 'EIC' has three states Bengal, Bombay, Madras.
- British Government Sent Governor "General Bugorin" For Investigation EIC.
2) Second Stage (1773 - 1858 ) :
- 1773 Regulation Act :
- From the Regulation Act British Government has been regulating EIC , and gave 20 years for doing business.
- This was the First ACT From this Bombay and Madras joined in the Calcutta , From there Calcutta was begin Capital for India.
- From this ACT Bengal Governor was Changed to "Bengal Governor General" .
- From this ACT Mayor Court was Introduced at Port William in Calcutta.
- In this Supreme Court 1 Chief Justice and three Justices are placed.
- Note : First Bengal Governor General was " Waren HeyStrings" in 1772 He Introduced "Collector" Post for first time.
- Note : First Chief Justice was " Sir Eliza Empe" .
- 1784 Pit's India Act :
- In 1784 Sir William Pits Senior was British P.M, so it's called Pits India Act
- This ACT was introduced for correcting 1773 Regulating act .
- From this ACT :
- Business - Court of Directors.
- Politics - Board of Control.
- 1793 Charter ACT :
- Charter Means Aggrement,
- From this ACT Municipalities were made First time in India.
- 1813 Charter ACT :
- British Government Cancelled EIC Business and given Every British Citizen to business in Inida, Except Tea and with China .
- In this ACT Chirstian Minorities came into Existenceand given Rs 1 Lakh per year.
- 1833 Charter Act :
- This was the Important in British Government.
- Bengal Governor General was Cancelled and started as Indian Governor General .
- In this ACT Governor General Council a "LAW Member" was Introduced.
- LAW Commission was Introduced .
- Note :
- i) First Indian Gevernor General : "William bentick"
- ii) First LAW Member : "Lord Machaley".
- iii) First LAW Commission Chairman : Lord Machaley".
- 1853 Charter ACT :
- From this Act Indians got place in Legislative Council
- In this ACT Introduced Civil Services Examination.
- Civil Procedure Court - 1859
- Indian Penal Court - 1860
- Criminal Procedure Court - 1861
Third Stage : (1858 - 1909) : First Independence Revolt - 1857 - "V.D Sawarkar".
- 1858 Indian Government Act :
- British Government Banned EIC For Not Letting 1857 Revolt. , From this British Government directly handed.
- In this ACT "Governor General of India" was Replaced by Indian Governor General.
- Indian Council was Formed and First Minister : "Sir Charless Wood".
- British Queen was made highest pirority .
- Note : First British Viceroy :"Lord Carning".
- 1861 Indian Council ACT :
- In this Act first time states having Legislative Councils.
- This Act includes Kings and Jamindars in Constitution of India.
- "Port Folio" was Introduced in this act by Lord Carning.
- By this ACT High Court was introduced at Port William
- After Calcutta, Bombay, Madras High courts Allahabad High Court was Formed in 1866.
- 1892 Indian Council ACT :
- First time Indirect Elections are Formed.
- Budget was Introduced in Indian Constitution.
- Budget was divided into 2 parts, 1) General Budget, 2) Railway Budget
- In this act 10 - 16 members increased in Parishad.
- Fourth Stage (1909 - 1935) - 1909 Indian Council ACT :
- This ACT was called as Minto - Marley Reforms. (Viceroy - Governor General)
- In this ACT Muslims got Special Constitutions.
- Minto was called as Father of Religious Constitutions.
- This act got Direct Elections
- In this act 16 - 60 members increased in Parishad.
- SP Singha (Satendra Prasad Singha) Law Member in Governor General Legislative.
- In this ACT Imperial Legislator was formed.
- 1919 Indian Government ACT :
- This ACT Started in 1921.
- This ACT was called as MountFord (Manteg - Chames Ford) ( Minister - Voceroy)
- Dual Government was formed.
- Bi-Cameral Legislator was Formed.
- Dual government means (Legislative Assembly - Council of States).
- Legislative Assembly Protem Speaker was Sir Fedrik White.
- First Chairman for Legislative Assembly was V.J Patel.
- First Chairman for Council of states was Sir Fedrik White.
- Indian High Commissioner was Formed.
- Sikhs, Indian Chirstians, Anglo Indians got special Constitutions.
- Public service Commission was Formed.
- First Chairman For Public Service Commission was Sir Rass Barker.
- State Budget was Divided from Central Budget.
- State Government was given complete authority in State Budget.
- Public Accounts Commity was Formed
- This ACT was called Partial Response .
- Simon Commission - 1927 :
- Sir John Commission (6+1) was came to check Indian Government ACT.
- First Checked in Bombay
- No Indian was Placed in the Commission, So all parties Refused Simon Commission.
- Tanguturi Prakassam Pantulu was named as "Andhra Kesari" in chennai for Protesting Simon Commission.
- Simon gave Report in 1930.
- Key Concepts :
- Cancel Dual Government and form Single Government.
- Round Table Conference were formed in London .
- 1st Round table - 1930
- 2nd Round table - 1931
- 3rd Round Table - 1932
- Only B.R Ambedkar was in the three Conference.
- 2nd Round Table on Behalf of Women : Sarojini Naidu
- 2nd Round Table on Behalf of INC : Mahatma Gandhi.
- By these Reforms and conferences 1935 Indian Government was Formed.
- Fifth Stage (1935 - 1947) : 1935 Indian Government ACT :
- In this ACT 321 Provisions , 10 Shedules were formed.
- This ACT was called as Duplicate for Indian Constitution ,
- All India Federation formed in this ACT.
- Central and State Governments are formed , Duties are divided.
- Written Constitution, Strong Constitution,
- Freedom for the states and Law Members
- Central Government - 59 Duties
- State Government - 54 Duties
- Both Government - 36 Duties
- Central Powers are given to Governor General
- 1935 Oct 1, Federal Court was formed in Delhi
- RBI was Formed in Bombay
- SC, ST, Women Quota in Government
- Central Government Job Holders
- Central Government - Federal Public Service Commission
- State Government - Province PSC
- 2 / More states - Joint PSC
- 1942 Crips Commission :
- British Sent to ask permission for having help in 2nd world war , 1942 March 22 Crips came.
- Proposals : If Indians help then they will give Domain Status.
- Mahatma Gandhi States that Crips commission as "Post Dated Checks".
- 1946 Cabinet Mission :
- Labour Party Head "Lord Clament Atli"sent cabinet meeting in 1946 Mar 23rd.
- Lord Bethick Lawrence (President)
- Sir Staford crips
- Alexander A.V
- 6th Stage (1947 - 1950) - 1947 Indian Independence ACT :
- This ACT was /made by Mount.Batton (June 3rd 1947)
- 1947 Independence Bill Placed in British Parliament on July 5th, 1947.
- Parliament Bill Passed on July 15th 1947.
- July 18th 1947 got Seal and Signature.
- Indian Flag accepted on July 22nd 1947.
- Independence Freedom Statement was given by "Lord Mount Battan".
- 562 Dynasties were there when Independence came.'
- First Governor General for India " Lord Mount Batton"
- First and Last Indian Governor General "C.Raja Gopala Chari".
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